1. What is the study of rocks called?
Answer: b) Petrology
2. Igneous rocks are formed by:
Answer: b) Cooling and solidification of magma
3. Which of the following is an intrusive igneous rock?
Answer: c) Granite
4. What is the name of the landform created by magma solidifying vertically?
Answer: b) Dike
5. Which rock makes up the oceanic crust?
Answer: b) Basalt
6. Which of the following is NOT an extrusive igneous rock?
Answer: b) Gabbro
7. What is a domed-shaped intrusive landform called?
Answer: c) Laccolith
8. Which of the following is a phaneritic rock?
Answer: c) Granite
9. What is the term for magma that solidifies inside the Earth's crust?
Answer: b) Intrusive
10. Which of the following is an example of a plutonic rock?
Answer: b) Gabbro
11. Sedimentary rocks are formed by:
Answer: b) Deposition and compaction of sediments
12. Which process converts sediments into sedimentary rock?
Answer: b) Lithification
13. Fossils are most commonly found in which type of rock?
Answer: c) Sedimentary
14. Which sedimentary rock is formed organically?
Answer: b) Coal
15. Which of the following is a chemically formed sedimentary rock?
Answer: b) Limestone
16. What is the layered structure of sedimentary rocks called?
Answer: b) Strata
17. Which sedimentary rock is composed of rounded fragments?
Answer: b) Conglomerate
18. Which of the following is NOT a sedimentary rock?
Answer: b) Marble
19. Chalk is an example of which type of sedimentary rock?
Answer: b) Organically formed
20. Which sedimentary rock is used for making cement?
Answer: b) Limestone
21. Metamorphic rocks are formed by:
Answer: c) Recrystallization under heat and pressure
22. What is the metamorphic equivalent of shale?
Answer: a) Slate
23. Which metamorphic rock displays alternating dark and light bands?
Answer: b) Gneiss
24. What is the process of changing one rock type into another called?
Answer: b) Metamorphism
25. Which of the following is a thermal metamorphic rock?
Answer: b) Hornfels
26. What is the metamorphic equivalent of limestone?
Answer: a) Marble
27. Which type of metamorphism occurs without chemical change?
Answer: b) Dynamic
28. Which of the following is a foliated metamorphic rock?
Answer: c) Schist
29. What is the term for parallel alignment of minerals in metamorphic rocks?
Answer: b) Foliation
30. Which metamorphic rock is formed from sandstone?
Answer: b) Quartzite
31. Which type of volcano has the most viscous lava?
Answer: c) Composite
32. Who proposed the Continental Drift Theory?
Answer: b) Alfred Wegener
33. The supercontinent proposed by Wegener was called:
Answer: a) Pangaea
34. Which of the following was NOT evidence for continental drift?
Answer: c) Seafloor spreading
35. What causes continental drift according to modern theory?
Answer: b) Convection cells
36. Which ocean is the busiest?
Answer: b) Atlantic
37. The largest ocean is:
Answer: c) Pacific
38. The Sargasso Sea is known for:
Answer: b) Brown algae (Sargassum)
39. Which of the following is the smallest ocean?
Answer: a) Arctic
40. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of:
Answer: b) Divergent boundary
41. Who proposed the theory of seafloor spreading?
Answer: b) Harry Hess
42. New oceanic crust is formed at:
Answer: b) Mid-ocean ridges
43. The age of oceanic rocks increases:
Answer: b) Away from mid-ocean ridges
44. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is the result of:
Answer: c) Divergent boundary
45. Which feature is the longest landform on Earth?
Answer: b) Mid-Atlantic Ridge
46. Petroleum is commonly extracted from:
Answer: b) Continental shelves
47. Flat-topped seamounts are called:
Answer: a) Guyots
48. Which of the following is a minor relief feature of oceans?
Answer: c) Seamount
49. The deepest part of the ocean floor is the:
Answer: c) Trench
50. Submarine canyons are found on:
Answer: a) Continental slopes
51. Corals are often called the "Rainforest of the Sea" because they:
Answer: b) Host high biodiversity
52. Corals secrete:
Answer: b) Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
53. Coral bleaching occurs when:
Answer: b) Corals lose symbiotic algae (Zooxanthellae)
54. The largest coral reef system is:
Answer: b) Great Barrier Reef
55. Corals cannot survive in:
Answer: b) Freshwater
56. The symbiotic algae living in corals are called:
Answer: b) Zooxanthellae
57. Coral reefs thrive in temperatures between:
Answer: b) 23-29 °C
58. Which factor is NOT critical for coral growth?
Answer: d) Volcanic activity
59. Atolls are formed from:
Answer: a) Submerged volcanoes
60. Coral bleaching is primarily caused by:
Answer: b) Climate change (rising temperatures)
61. The rock cycle describes:
Answer: b) Transformation of one rock type into another
62. Which process turns igneous rocks into sedimentary rocks?
Answer: b) Weathering and erosion
63. Metamorphic rocks can become igneous rocks through:
Answer: b) Melting and cooling
64. What drives the rock cycle?
Answer: b) Solar energy and Earth's internal heat
65. Which rock type can directly become metamorphic?
Answer: c) Both igneous and sedimentary
66. The largest continent by area is:
Answer: b) Asia
67. The smallest continent is:
Answer: b) Australia
68. The S-shaped ocean is:
Answer: b) Atlantic
69. The Southern Ocean surrounds:
Answer: b) Antarctica
70. Which sea is "borderless" and filled with Sargassum algae?
Answer: b) Sargasso Sea
71. The hardest mineral on the Mohs scale is:
Answer: c) Diamond
72. The Tethys Sea existed between:
Answer: a) Laurasia and Gondwana
73. Heat within Earth's interior comes from:
Answer: b) Radioactive decay and residual heat
74. Lineation in rocks refers to:
Answer: b) Parallel alignment of minerals
75. Banding is a feature of which rock type?
Answer: c) Metamorphic
76. Which is NOT a metamorphic rock?
Answer: c) Gabbro
77. The Great Barrier Reef is located near:
Answer: b) Australia
78. The process of lithification involves:
Answer: b) Compaction and cementation
79. Which rock is formed from shale?
Answer: b) Slate
80. The study of fossils is called:
Answer: b) Paleontology
81. True or False: Basalt is an intrusive igneous rock.
Answer: b) False
82. True or False: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a divergent boundary.
Answer: a) True
83. True or False: Coral reefs thrive in freshwater.
Answer: b) False
84. True or False: Alfred Wegener proposed plate tectonics.
Answer: b) False
85. True or False: Gneiss is a metamorphic rock with banding.
Answer: a) True